Babbel offers meticulously organized courses crafted by linguistic experts and Turkish natives, using real-life topics for swift language acquisition. Enrolling in a Turkish course is simple, with a 20-day money-back guarantee for reassurance. The flexibility extends to course subscriptions, allowing pauses and resumptions as needed. Feb 25, 2022 · Another “weird” aspect of this language is the word order. For example, verbs tend to go to the end of sentences. So you say Türkçe öğreniyorum for “I am learning Turkish”. I like to think that this is actually smarter than English’s order as the most important word in the sentence is what you are learning.Colloquial turkish the complete course for beginners by jeroen aarsen (PDF) Turkish language--Textbooks for foreign speakers--English, Turkish language--Selfinstruction. | Hannay Gamal - Academia.eduDec 20, 2023 · 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and Arabic (1,2%). Other rarely spoken languages are Greek, Circassian, …Aug 19, 2022 · When learning a new language, it’s best to start with the basic building blocks: the alphabet. The Turkish alphabet looks a lot like the English one — they’re both based on the Latin alphabet — but they’re not exactly the same. And even the letters that look identical aren’t necessarily pronounced how you might expect. Turkish language--Textbooks for foreign speakers--English, Turkish language--Selfinstruction. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Jun 6, 2021 · For example, if an English speaker needs 1 hour of daily studying to become fluent in Dutch (very similar to English), she needs 2 hours of study for the Turkish language. If you were to learn Korean or Arabic (considered in the fifth group), you’d need 4 hours of studying for the same amount of progress.Dec 6, 2023 · Turkish is a fascinating and unique language that holds a special place in the world of linguistics. Here is an overview of the Turkish language, highlighting its distinctive features and characteristics. Phonetics and Pronunciation - Turkish has a phonetic system characterized by vowel harmony, where vowels within a word must harmonize in ... Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Dec 20, 2023 · 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and Arabic (1,2%). Other rarely spoken languages are Greek, Circassian, …Aug 18, 2023 · When I was 3, I lost my father tongue. Lose is a funny word — as if the language just dropped out of my pocket one day while I played in the park. But there is no other way to describe it. I was born in Turkey to a British mother and a Turkish father, moving back to the U.K. at the age of 2, and was always surrounded by both English …Aug 28, 2020 · In this repository, we publish Transformer based Turkish language models and related tools. New models, datasets, updates and tutorials are on the way. Please keep in touch with us. For any question or request, feel free to open an issue. We are an enthusiastic R&D team to contribute to Turkish NLP community and we need your … English to Turkish translation by Lingvanex translation software will help you to get a fulminant translation of words, phrases, and texts from English to Turkish and more than 110 other languages. Use Lingvanex applications to quickly and instantly translate an Turkish English text for free. 3 days ago · Certified translations from Turkish to English. Valid for USCIS. Get your documents translated from Turkish to English for $39.00 / page. ATA Corporate Member.The better you pronounce a letter in a word, the more understood you will be in speaking the Turkish language. Below is a table showing the Turkish alphabet and how it is pronounced in English, and finally examples of how those letters would sound if you place them in a word. Turkish Alphabet. English Sound. Pronunciation Example.About . English. According to Wikipedia, English is . spoken by approximately 1.452 billion (2022) people around the world. Among these, it is the native language of around 372.9 million people, and 1.08 billion use it as their second language. English is the native language of the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and New Zealand and is the … DeepL Write BETA. AI-powered edits. English. Turkish. Glossary. Type to translate. Drag and drop to translate PDF, Word (.docx), and PowerPoint (.pptx) files with our document translator. Click the microphone to translate speech. 4 days ago · Search the English-Turkish dictionary by letter. The English-Turkish dictionary includes the option of manually going through the alphabet. To do this, select a letter from the list below. When you find an English word you wish to translate to Turkish, follow the link to the page for the corresponding Turkish translation in the dictionary. A. B.Reverso Context | Translation in context from Turkish to English. Translate words and expressions. in Turkish - English. Turkish. English. Search for a word, an expression. …Aug 1, 2017 · Interactions with the western world and foreigners have led to the development of foreign languages in Turkey. Changing times and modern interactions also necessitate the growth of these languages. English, German, and French are the common foreign languages used in Turkey. English has a wider coverage among foreign languages. in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to English as "Hello my friend!". You can use our Turkish translator to translate a whole Turkish sentence to English or just a single word, you can also use Turkish to English translation online tool as a personal Turkish dictionary tool to get the meaning of English words. Jul 3, 2023 · Let’s imagine you’ve just landed at Istanbul airport. You get into a taxi to take you into the city. Many taxi drivers in Istanbul speak a little English, but it’s never a bad time to practice a new language. Keep reading to learn more or discover online Turkish classes on Preply. Turkish greetings (formal and informal)Microsoft's products and services work best if you use the same language and region across all your devices, and in all of your app and Store settings. Some account language settings are roamed across the Microsoft experience. Pages are in the wrong language If you're seeing content on our website in the wrong language, check these settings:3 days ago · An endangered language, or moribund language, is a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language".. 26 endangered Turkic languages exist in World. The number of speakers …Android phone or tablet, iPhone, or iPad. Open the Netflix app. In the lower right, tap My Netflix. In the upper right, tap the Menu. Tap Manage Profiles. Select the profile you want to edit. Tap Display Language. Select a language. The new language will automatically save.4 days ago · I am the co-founder of the Global English Language School in Muğla, Turkey. I provide online professional English lessons, speaking sessions, and exam preparation lessons for adults. I also create social media and website content and write blog posts for my clients in English and Turkish.Feb 4, 2014 · Original Title - SYSTEM LANGUAGE. My system language is Turkish and there is no provision for altering it, all my Windows updates are in Turkish, I've been to Windows 7 update site and downloaded the language packs but it doesn't have English in the list and this is because there is provision to uninstall English as a display language … Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Aug 19, 2022 · When learning a new language, it’s best to start with the basic building blocks: the alphabet. The Turkish alphabet looks a lot like the English one — they’re both based on the Latin alphabet — but they’re not exactly the same. And even the letters that look identical aren’t necessarily pronounced how you might expect.No Language Left Behind (NLLB) is a first-of-its-kind, AI breakthrough project that open-sources models capable of delivering evaluated, high-quality translations directly between 200 languages. Check out Glosbe Turkish - English translator that uses latest AI achievements to give you most accurate translations as you type.Your emails from YouTube are delivered in the default language for your country. If you've changed your YouTube language settings, you can change your email settings to match: Go to your email settings. Scroll to "Language" to update your email notification language. Change your language or location on smart TVs, streaming devices & game consolesBut the more different they are from English, there more time you'll need to spend before getting to fluency. Turkish is quite different from English. But some aspects of the language aren't that complicated. In the following I'll discuss some different aspects of Turkish that influence the difficulty and the time it takes to master the ...Yandex Translate — synchronized translation for 102 languages, predictive typing, dictionary with transcription, pronunciation, context and usage examples, and many …Please excuse this inconvenience! Something about the way you use pons.com looked suspicious to our scanner. We'll take you right back there after you have verified that you're a human being.May 13, 2022 · Category II Languages. It takes approximately 36 weeks (900 hours of practice) to reach professional working proficiency in these languages. Though German is in the same family as English, its nuanced pronunciation gives it a higher difficulty level than other Germanic languages. German. Haitian Creole. Reverso Context | Translation in context from Turkish to English. Translate words and expressions. in Turkish - English. Turkish. English. Search for a word, an expression. …Oct 5, 2023 · So if you’re preparing for your trip to Turkey and you don’t know the Turkish language, let me give you some basics and helpful phrases for tourists to set ... The letters in the Turkish alphabet are mostly the same as in English though in Turkish we don’t use q, w, and x. You also have the addition of a few ...Most Popular Phrases for Turkish to English Translation. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 5,900+ …You can control which language Chrome automatically translates. On your computer, open Chrome. At the top right, click More Settings. At the left, click Languages. Under ‘Google Translate’, click Automatically translate these languages. Click Add languages. Select the languages that you want to add. Click Add.Use our free translator to instantly translate any document to and from Turkish or English. 1. Simply upload a Turkish or English document and click "Translate" 2. Translate full …1. Simply upload a English or Turkish document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from English and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate English documents to Turkish in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...Aug 19, 2022 · When learning a new language, it’s best to start with the basic building blocks: the alphabet. The Turkish alphabet looks a lot like the English one — they’re both based on the Latin alphabet — but they’re not exactly the same. And even the letters that look identical aren’t necessarily pronounced how you might expect.About Turkish Language. According to Wikipedia.org, Turkish which is also referred to Istanbul Turkish is the official language of Turkey.It is one of the most popular Turkic languages and has around 70 to 80 million speakers. Turkish is the official language of the national language of Turkey. Turkish is also spoken by many speakers in Iraq, Syria, …Oct 28, 2022 · You can type your Turkish text, words or sentences in the first text box and click on the 'Translate' button to translate the entered text into English. The translation from Turkish to English takes a fraction of a second and in one request you can translate upto 1000 words. Turkish and English languages are spoken by many people around the …Mar 13, 2024 · Expectedly, the last thousand year history of the language has ‘Anatolia’ written all over it. Given its geographical location, it makes sense that Turkish has been influenced by Farsi and Arabic, two languages spoken in countries that border Turkey.In addition, Turkish has borrowed substantially from French, and in modern times some …Tech giants Google, Microsoft and Facebook are all applying the lessons of machine learning to translation, but a small company called DeepL has outdone them all and raised the bar for the field. Its translation tool is just as quick as the outsized competition, but more accurate and nuanced than any we’ve tried. TechCrunch.Apr 11, 2024 · About this app. arrow_forward. • Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing. • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline: Translate with no internet connection (59 languages) • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just ... In today’s world, modern Turkish refers to the official language of Türkiye, the Republic of Turkey. This form of Turkish ( Türkçe) is spoken by over 80 million people worldwide, most of them living in Turkey. Despite the Ottoman roots and prevalence of Arabic words, the language is not from Arabic or Persian language families. Feb 29, 2024 · Tips & tricks for learning Turkish quickly. Becoming fluent in a foreign language takes a lot of time and effort. So, make sure you have patience and motivation. To get started, follow these tips: Learn the Turkish alphabet. When it comes to grammar and vocabulary, there are no real similarities between English and Turkish.However, …Turkish Language Useful tips and phrases to help you get by. Many of the Turkish people that you will come across in tourist areas will have a reasonable understanding of English, particularly in shops and restaurants, but an attempt to use Turkish is very much appreciated and considered good manners. Helpful phrases English:Tech giants Google, Microsoft and Facebook are all applying the lessons of machine learning to translation, but a small company called DeepL has outdone them all and raised the bar for the field. Its translation tool is just as quick as the outsized competition, but more accurate and nuanced than any we’ve tried. TechCrunch. The Turkish-English dictionary has new Turkish translations added to it all the time. Here you can see the newest user-contributed suggestions for Turkish to English translations. You can help us by checking the Turkish-English translations for mistakes, and voting to add correct translations to the dictionary. Free Turkish to English translator with audio. Translate words, phrases and sentences.4 days ago · I am the co-founder of the Global English Language School in Muğla, Turkey. I provide online professional English lessons, speaking sessions, and exam preparation lessons for adults. I also create social media and website content and write blog posts for my clients in English and Turkish.The better you pronounce a letter in a word, the more understood you will be in speaking the Turkish language. Below is a table showing the Turkish alphabet and how it is pronounced in English, and finally examples of how those letters would sound if you place them in a word. Turkish Alphabet. English Sound. Pronunciation Example.3 days ago · The languages of Turkey, apart from the official language Turkish, include the widespread Kurdish (), Zazaki, and Arabic, and a number of less common minority languages.Four minority languages are officially recognized in the Republic of Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne and the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve …Turkish (Türkçe) Turkish is a Turkic language spoken by about 88 million people, mainly in Turkey, and also in Northern Cyprus, Germany, Bulgaria and other countries. There are about 82 million speakers of Turkish in Turkey, about 2 million in Germany, 606,000 in Bulgaria, 500,000 in the UK, 300,000 in Northern Cyprus, 165,000 in the USA, 130,000 in …1 day ago · BBC Languages - Learn in your own time and have fun with A Guide to Languages. Surprising and revealing facts about the Turkish language, key phrases to get started, details on the Turkish ...4 days ago · I am the co-founder of the Global English Language School in Muğla, Turkey. I provide online professional English lessons, speaking sessions, and exam preparation lessons for adults. I also create social media and website content and write blog posts for my clients in English and Turkish.May 13, 2022 · Category II Languages. It takes approximately 36 weeks (900 hours of practice) to reach professional working proficiency in these languages. Though German is in the same family as English, its nuanced pronunciation gives it a higher difficulty level than other Germanic languages. German. Haitian Creole. Aug 19, 2022 · When learning a new language, it’s best to start with the basic building blocks: the alphabet. The Turkish alphabet looks a lot like the English one — they’re both based on the Latin alphabet — but they’re not exactly the same. And even the letters that look identical aren’t necessarily pronounced how you might expect.Jan 12, 2023 · Let me guess: You want to learn Turkish because you are a fan of Turkish dramas, or you’re planning a vacation in Turkey soon, or maybe you have a special someone from Turkey in your life. These are all great reasons for learning Turkish. But rumor has it that the Turkish language is hard to learn since it is a very different … Babbel offers meticulously organized courses crafted by linguistic experts and Turkish natives, using real-life topics for swift language acquisition. Enrolling in a Turkish course is simple, with a 20-day money-back guarantee for reassurance. The flexibility extends to course subscriptions, allowing pauses and resumptions as needed. Dec 20, 2023 · An Introduction To The Turkish Language. We look at the Turkish language’s similarity to other Turkic languages, the reforms that modernized it in the 20th century and its unique grammar. By Richard Aslan. December 20, 2023. Speak Turkish and you’re in good company. Over 83 million people speak it, mainly in Türkiye (Turkey), but also in ... Babbel offers meticulously organized courses crafted by linguistic experts and Turkish natives, using real-life topics for swift language acquisition. Enrolling in a Turkish course is simple, with a 20-day money-back guarantee for reassurance. The flexibility extends to course subscriptions, allowing pauses and resumptions as needed. Aug 4, 2022 · You’ve started learning Turkish? Süper! So you’ve probably already learned a few phrases for “hello” and “goodbye,” as well as the most important words like “thank you” and “please.” But what about Turkish verbs? Well, you might be wondering which ones to start with. We’ve put together a guide to the 20 most common verbs in Turkish …Download Office language interface packs (LIP) Change the language on the ribbon and commands for some Microsoft Office applications. Learn more about Office language interface packs. Dowload Office language interface packs.Turkish-English. Search the Turkish-English dictionary for a Turkish to English translation using the above search box. For your convenience it is also possible to …The system recognizes the language quickly and automatically, converting the words into the language you want and trying to add the particular linguistic nuances and expressions. Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. Please excuse this inconvenience! Something about the way you use pons.com looked suspicious to our scanner. We'll take you right back there after you have verified that you're a human being. This translates into knowing only the 5,000 most common Turkish words in order to be able to have fluent conversations in Turkish. Let's start learning the top 15 most common Turkish verbs! yemek: to eat. içmek: to drink. sahip olmak: to have. düşünmek: to think. bilmek: to know. sevmek: to like. söylemek: to tell.Download Office language interface packs (LIP) Change the language on the ribbon and commands for some Microsoft Office applications. Learn more about Office language interface packs. Dowload Office language interface packs. Most Popular Phrases for Turkish to English Translation. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 5,900+ language pairs. hello Merhaba. We have compiled just over 1000 of the most common words in Turkish – words that every language learner will need to learn and use in the first few months of language learning, regardless of your specific context. To make this list, we started with the list of the top 1000 words in written Turkish.From this list, we removed a lot of the words that are common …Open this example in Overleaf. This example produces the following output: Note how the fontenc and babel packages are each passed two parameters: . two encodings for fontenc: T1 for Latin-script languages and T2A for Cyrillic languages.; two languages for babel: english and russian.When using this syntax the last language in the option list will be …Language packs for Windows. Use the Add a language feature to install another language for Windows 11 to view menus, dialog boxes, and supported apps and websites in that language. To do this: Select Start > Settings > Time & language > Language & region. Go to Preferred languages, select Add a language. In Choose a language to install, enter ...Learn Turkish with bite-size lessons based on science. Site language: English. Get started. Login. Learn Turkish in just 5 minutes a day. For free. Start learning. I ALREADY HAVE AN ACCOUNT. The world's most popular way to learn Turkish online. Learn Turkish in just 5 minutes a day with our game-like lessons. Whether you’re a ...Tech giants Google, Microsoft and Facebook are all applying the lessons of machine learning to translation, but a small company called DeepL has outdone them all and raised the bar for the field. Its translation tool is just as quick as the outsized competition, but more accurate and nuanced than any we’ve tried. TechCrunch.Nov 7, 2023 · Introduction To Turkish Grammar. Here are the must-know characteristics of the Turkish language regarding grammar: Nouns have no gender in Turkish. In Turkish, verbs generally come at the end of the sentence. Turkish adjectives and possessive nouns come before the noun they describe. Postpositions follow the noun they describe.4 days ago · I am the co-founder of the Global English Language School in Muğla, Turkey. I provide online professional English lessons, speaking sessions, and exam preparation lessons for adults. I also create social media and website content and write blog posts for my clients in English and Turkish.Sep 13, 2018 · Compared to other languages you may have studied in school, Turkish can seem like a real challenge. It’s not an Indo-European language, but a Turkic language, and because of this it’s not at all like English. But if you get familiar with some of the rules, you’ll quickly recognize the logic and regularity of the language.Google-এর পরিষেবা ইংরেজি থেকে অন্যান্য ১০০টির বেশি ভাষায় শব্দ, বাক্যাংশ ও ওয়েব পৃষ্ঠা ঝটপট অনুবাদ করে, কোনও চার্জ ছাড়াই।It belongs to a group of Turkic languages, which is one branch of the Altaic language group. It is an official language in Turkey, as well as her speaking minority in Bulgaria, Cyprus and Greece. Contemporary Turkish has evolved from the Ottoman Turkish (Ottoman Language), which was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian and wrote …Google-এর পরিষেবা ইংরেজি থেকে অন্যান্য ১০০টির বেশি ভাষায় শব্দ, বাক্যাংশ ও ওয়েব পৃষ্ঠা ঝটপট অনুবাদ করে, কোনও চার্জ ছাড়াই।Apr 11, 2024 · About this app. arrow_forward. • Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing. • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline: Translate with no internet connection (59 languages) • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just ...Nov 19, 2021 · Further to this, many people who speak Turkish are bilingual or trilingual, so your chances of meeting another English-speaker in Turkey are good. Some other key reasons to learn Turkish include: It can be a great personal challenge as the language works drastically differently to English. Babbel offers meticulously organized courses crafted by linguistic experts and Turkish natives, using real-life topics for swift language acquisition. Enrolling in a Turkish course is simple, with a 20-day money-back guarantee for reassurance. The flexibility extends to course subscriptions, allowing pauses and resumptions as needed. For example the lockscreen widget for iPhone or the possibility to search all languages at the same time. Another such feature, for the vocabulary trainer section, is currently in the works. Here are the statistics for 2023: 1,268,426 German-English translations, 2,210,325 translations in other language pairsEnglish-Turkish translation search engine, English words and expressions translated into Turkish with examples of use in both languages. Conjugation for Turkish verbs, pronunciation of English examples, English-Turkish phrasebook. Download our app to keep history offline. Discover and learn these English words with Reverso Context.
Oct 18, 2021 · To change the Windows 11 default language, use these steps: Open Settings. Click on Time & language. Click the Language & region page in the right side. Source: Windows Central (Image credit .... Peds dosing calculator
Please excuse this inconvenience! Something about the way you use pons.com looked suspicious to our scanner. We'll take you right back there after you have verified that you're a human being. Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. RTL Z. Netherlands. In the first test - from English into Italian - it proved to be very accurate, especially good at grasping the meaning of the sentence, rather than being derailed by a literal ...We have compiled just over 1000 of the most common words in Turkish – words that every language learner will need to learn and use in the first few months of language learning, regardless of your specific context. To make this list, we started with the list of the top 1000 words in written Turkish.From this list, we removed a lot of the words that are common …Jan 12, 2023 · Let me guess: You want to learn Turkish because you are a fan of Turkish dramas, or you’re planning a vacation in Turkey soon, or maybe you have a special someone from Turkey in your life. These are all great reasons for learning Turkish. But rumor has it that the Turkish language is hard to learn since it is a very different …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Turkish Edition | by Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır | Jan 1, 2013. 140. Hardcover. $2999. List: $50.00. FREE delivery Thu, Feb 8 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. Or fastest delivery Tue, Feb 6. Only 2 left in stock - order soon. Paperback.Most Popular Phrases for Turkish to English Translation. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 5,900+ …Change the language you use to see Gmail. Open Gmail. In the top right, click Settings . Click Settings. In the "Language" section, pick a language from the drop-down menu. At the bottom of the page, click Save Changes. Type in another language. You can type in languages like Hindi, Arabic, or Chinese using input tools, including special keyboards.• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline: Translate... Turkish-English translation search engine, Turkish words and expressions translated into English with examples of use in both languages. Conjugation for English verbs, pronunciation of Turkish examples, Turkish-English phrasebook. Download our app to keep history offline. Discover and learn these Turkish words with Reverso Context. Most restaurants have menus in both Turkish and English, ... There really is no need for this, since Turkish is a phonetic language. Once you know all the sounds, you can’t go wrong really. Reply. Shabreen says. October 14, 2021 at 4:45 pm. Selam,these words are very helpful for enhancing my new language learning skills Teşekürler.Jun 5, 2017 · Comparison Between English & Turkish. 1. There is no “is/are.”. I happy. You running. It saves you from what Indo-European language classes spend weeks of time on, learning all the different forms and conjugations of the “is/are” words… which usually change with every tense and every different pronoun. 2. HD N/A 108 min Drama. Kara Agac Destani – Celal Aga, a powerful figure who eliminates his rivals, including Osman Aga, on the day Osman’s son, Omer, is born. To protect Omer, his mother Raziye entrusts him to Asiye, Celal Aga’s wife, who raises him as her own alongside her daughter born the same day. Unaware of his true heritage,…. Just remember that unlike in English, the h in Turkish is always pronounced. So you’ll want to make sure that you pronounce this as “mer-ha-ba”, not “me-ra-ba”. For more on the influence of Arabic on Turkish, read this post on Turkish language history. Other Basic Greetings For Hello In TurkishLangtolang Multilingual Dictionary. Langtolang is a multilingual dictionary translating from/to English, Albanian, Arabic, Breton, Catalan, Chinese Simplified ....