German pointing griffon - The Ancestry Tree. The Chapel View Wirehaired Pointing Griffon bloodlines are second to none with part of our pedigrees coming from the Westminster Best Of Breed Winning lines derived from Flatbrook Kennels. These are some of the most judged Griffons in the history of the breed and as we move alone with these lines we also have amazing ...

 
Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Litters · Oakley x Bo 2019 litter · Red x Baylee 2020 litter · German Wirehaired Pointer Litters · Reservation Page ·.... Amish store in frankfort ohio

The German wirehaired pointer broke out as a separate breed in the latter part of the 1800s. Its trademark coat was achieved through crosses among the German shorthaired pointer, pudelpointer (a poodle -pointer mix), wirehaired pointing griffon, and other breeds.Easily search hundreds of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppy listings, connect directly with our community of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon breeders near New York, and start your journey into dog ownership today — we’ll have you covered at every step. Find a Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppy from reputable breeders near you in New York.The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a great swimmer and an excellent water retriever. The wiry coat requires attention to grooming to keep it healthy. The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is an intelligent dog who is easy to train and very willing to please. They are outgoing dogs who are loyal and trustworthy.The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon has always been a great hunting dog and he doubles as an excellent pet and companion as well. This dog is extremely loyal to his human family and is friendly, intelligent, loving and affectionate, getting on well with children as well as other pets in the home.Visit Hunting Dog Breeders to find Wirehaired Pointing Griffons for sale in Pennsylvania from breeders and kennels.Get to know Heartfield Wirehaired Pointing Griffons in Pennsylvania. See puppy photos, reviews, health information. Easy to apply. Find the best Wirehaired Pointing Griffon for you.What is the difference between a Wirehaired Pointing Griffons and German Wirehairs? The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon was bred as a rugged, versatile sporting ...Feb 18, 2023 ... Are those the same breed? I get a little confused between German Wired hair pointers, Drahtaars, and wire haired pointing griffons. Little to no ...The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon or Korthals Griffon is a medium-to-large sized dog standing at between 50 and 60cm both male and female and weighing between 23and 27kg. He has a wiry, somewhat harsh curly outer coat and a softer undercoat.The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon or Korthals Griffon is a medium-to-large sized dog standing at between 50 and 60cm both male and female and weighing between 23and 27kg. He has a wiry, somewhat harsh curly outer coat and a softer undercoat.The German wirehaired pointer broke out as a separate breed in the latter part of the 1800s. Its trademark coat was achieved through crosses among the German shorthaired pointer, pudelpointer (a poodle -pointer mix), wirehaired pointing griffon, and other breeds.The Griffon's coat is longer in length than that of the German Wirehaired Pointer or what is also known as the Wirehair. Aside from being shorter, the Wirehair's coat also has lesser undercoat. While the coat of a Griffon is said to help it in adapting to extreme weather conditions and swampy areas, the Wirehair's coat is weather-resistant and ...Wirehaired Pointing Griffons. We are a family owned and operated kennel based in Texas & Idaho. Our Texas locations we have 6 breeding females and 2 sire. In Idaho we have 2 sires and 4 breeding females. Our puppies receive excellent care from the moment of birth until they find their forever homes. We take pride in our breeding and birthing ...We’re here to help you find Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies for sale near Michigan from responsible breeders you can trust. Easily search hundreds of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppy listings, connect directly with our community of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon breeders near Michigan, and start your journey into dog ownership today — we ...The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a great field dog. It is loyal, smart, and has a keen sense of smell. Their ability to point a hunter in the right direction is balanced by their independent ...Find Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies for sale. Quick-witted, outgoing, and willing to please, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon makes a loving family dog and an outstanding hunting companion best known for their unkempt appearance. I'm a small-scale breeder, allowing me to give each of my pups, dogs, and breedings the proper care & attention ...Quality breeder of the Ultimate Versatile Hunting Dog - The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon. Griffonpoint Registered Kennel supports the continued use of the Wire-Haired Pointing Griffon as a versatile hunting companion. Griffonpoint Kennel has a breeding program which reflects the maxim. "Form Follows Function". Shannon Ford is a CKC accredited Field Test Judge for Pointing breeds, approved for all pointing breeds for each level of ... Since 2001, Breeders of� Wirehaired Pointing Griffon (WPG) from best proven European-Versatile & Trial Pointing Dog Bloodlines Importations, KBKB tested (Importation) and also German Wirehaired Pointer (GWP) from best NAVHDA, Trial and AKC conformation breed in USA and New Zealand.May 1, 2023 · Wirehaired Pointing Griffons have a scruffy appearance. Griffons are a medium to large-sized dog breed. Males usually weigh between 50 and 70 pounds, and they measure between 22 to 24 inches, from paw to shoulder. Females are typically smaller and weigh between 35 and 50 pounds, and they measure between 20 to 22 inches. Wirehaired Pointing Griffons can sometimes be mistaken for other wire-haired breeds such as the German Wirehaired Pointer, Cesky Fousek or Stichelhaar. …1. KONG Squeezz Ball Dog Toy. If you are worried about how you will go about the playing sessions of your Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, there is not much need for that as KING Squeezz Ball Dog Toy is here. This toy is a great option for fetching due to its impulsive bounciness and enticing squeak.Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Puppy. ... Griffons originated in Europe, where a Dutch breeder crossed the German Griffon with the Barbet and the Setter. The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a loving and loyal companion. It is an excellent hunting do butcan be a little slow to learn new tricks. For instance, if you try to train your Griffon to fetch ...I'm looking into getting a griffon. I was wondering if anyone had any experience with them. I've ran labs for years so how do they compare in terms of demeanor. My 7 and 9yr old boys really want one but I'm concerned they will be high strung. I hunt mostly river ducks, field geese and quail.Prices may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy for sale in Houston, TX. On Good Dog, Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies in Houston, TX range in price from $2,350 to $2,600. We recommend speaking directly with your breeder to get a better idea of their price range. …. Read more.The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon has more specialized grooming needs compared to the German Shorthaired Pointer. Their unique coat requires regular brushing, hand-stripping, and professional grooming to keep it looking its best. Here are some important things to know about grooming a Wirehaired Pointing Griffon:We’re here to help you find Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies for sale near Michigan from responsible breeders you can trust. Easily search hundreds of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppy listings, connect directly with our community of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon breeders near Michigan, and start your journey into dog ownership today — we ...Why buy a Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppy for sale if you can adopt and save a life? Look at pictures of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies who need a home. ... German Shorthaired Pointer German Spitz German Wirehaired Pointer Glen of Imaal Terrier Goberian Golden Retriever Goldendoodle Gordon Setter Great Dane Great Pyrenees …Oct 25, 2015 · The brown, white and orange furred Griffons are perceived as being less desirable. The male Wirehaired Pointing Griffons measures 22 to 24 inches in height and the females average 20 to 22 inches. The average weight of most Wirehaired Pointing Griffons is 50 to 60 pounds, which is quite ideal for the hunting activities these dogs are used for. Jul 3, 2022 · Wirehaired Pointing Griffon German Wirehaired Pointer; Size: 22-24 inches tall; 50-70 pounds: 24-27 inches tall; 60-72 pounds: Appearance: Comes in brown, white, tan, gray, and red colorings. Long floppy ears and wiry fur all over their body, including face and legs: Comes in white, brown, black, and tan colorings. The mission of the American Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Association Rescue, is to rescue purebred Wirehaired Pointing Griffons and place them forever homes where they can thrive. (800) 988-7115 [email protected]’re here to help you find Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies for sale near Michigan from responsible breeders you can trust. Easily search hundreds of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppy listings, connect directly with our community of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon breeders near Michigan, and start your journey into dog ownership today — we ... Created in the 1870s by Edward K. Korthals, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon was developed by the crossing of old-type griffon dogs, pointers, and spaniels to produce an intelligent, water-loving, close-working pointing griffon. They are often confused with the German Wirehaired Pointer and German Rough-haired Pointer. Breed Characteristics The mission of the American Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Association Rescue, is to rescue purebred Wirehaired Pointing Griffons and place them forever homes where they can thrive. (800) 988-7115 [email protected]'s treat everyone with respect. Healthy debates are natural, but kindness is required. Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Rescue Network. Private group. ·. 12.0K members. Join group. About this group. If you'd like to give a home to an athletic, affectionate companion, please check the E-Mail Rescue List and the Griffon Rescue Message Board.Holding the dog’s head still, fill the entire canal with the ear cleaning solution, put the ear flap down begin massaging the entire ear structure on the dogs skull vigorously for a few minutes. They will shake out most of the excess. You can either wipe out any excess and leftover dirt or simply let them drip dry.German Longhaired Pointer, German Shorthaired Pointer, German Wirehaired Pointer, Golden Retriever, Gordon Setter, Grand Bleu de Gascogne, Greyhound ...The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon was bred as a rugged, versatile sporting dog who works in close proximity to her handler, while the German Wirehaired Pointer is a longer-ranging sporting dog. Griffons are more easy going compared to …The German Shorthaired Pointer’s Beginnings. When 13 th century European kings, princes, and nobles owned large plots of land with the sole hunting rights to them, they relied on pointing dogs ...Find Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful Wirehaired Pointing Griffon information. All Wirehaired Pointing Griffon found here are from AKC-Registered parents.Northern Nevada Wirehaired Pointing Griffons, Sparks, NV. 248 likes. Dog Breeder ...German Longhair Pointer. Pointers. German Shorthair ... As a keen hunter with an excellent nose, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a wonderful small game hunter.Wirehaired Pointing Griffons have a scruffy appearance. Griffons are a medium to large-sized dog breed. Males usually weigh between 50 and 70 pounds, and they measure between 22 to 24 inches, from paw to shoulder. Females are typically smaller and weigh between 35 and 50 pounds, and they measure between 20 to 22 inches.The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a rare breed in the United States with very few puppies born each year. This dog's origin traces back to a famous Dutch breeder by the name of …Jun 4, 2014 ... A versatile hunting dog and great companion with a sense of humor, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon can point and retrieve on land or in the ...German Longhair Pointer. Pointers. German Shorthair ... As a keen hunter with an excellent nose, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a wonderful small game hunter.50-60 lb. Lifespan. 12-14 years. Group. AKC Sporting Group. Best Suited For. Families with older children, active singles and seniors, houses with yards, country/rural areas, hunters. Temperament. Gentle, …The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a rustic & vigorous dog, of medium size. Longer than they are tall, with strong limbs. They have bushy eyebrows, and a well-developed beard that give them a characteristic expression that is both firm and confident. THE COAT. Their coat is wiry and course, reminiscent of the bristles of a boar.Apr 30, 2024 · However, although the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon shares a name with them, the two breeds aren’t actually related. In European dog breeding, “Griffon” refers to any dog with a coarse coat — the fur that gives the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon both its name and its signature “just rolled out of bed” look. 2. Find Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies for sale. Quick-witted, outgoing, and willing to please, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon makes a loving family dog and an outstanding hunting companion best known for their unkempt appearance. I'm a small-scale breeder, allowing me to give each of my pups, dogs, and breedings the proper care & attention ... Wirehaired Pointing Griffon vs Pudelpointer. Compare the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon to the Pudelpointer. Use the tool below to compare temperament, size, personality, maintenance requirements, and everything else between …He achieved this by breeding German Griffons with French and German Pointers and Spaniels. Officially recognized by the Westminster Kennel club in 1916, ... The griffon’s nose and pointing ability are comparable to that of a German wirehair, but their temperament is a bit softer and tends more towards dependency. They are extremely sociable and people-oriented. Physically, the griffon body shape is less defined than the German wirehair – the chest is not as deep or the waist arch as high. Jan 19, 2024 ... These dogs are similar in many ways, including their hunting and tracking capabilities, intelligence, trainability, and loyalty. That said, the ... The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon should be a medium-sized dog, males averaging 22 to 24 inches in height and females ranging from 20 to 22 inches. The average weight is 50 to 60 pounds. The AWPGA is a club for the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon enthusiast. We are the AKC parent club for the breed and as such are focused on all aspects of our dog's lives. You …We have many areas where we actively hunt pheasants, grouse, ducks, and geese. Best of all, we get to do it with some of the most friendly, hard-working, versatile companions around: our Wirehaired Pointing Griffons! At Stonyridge Kennels our dogs are bred for hunting and family companionship. They are very personable and love family activities ...Home. Dogs. Breeds. Wirehaired Pointing Griffon. by The Vetstreet Team. Published on July 12, 2011. Breed Details. Height: 20 to 24 inches at the shoulder. …Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, by the Numbers. Photo: PharmShot, Shutterstock. A long-lived and hardy medium-size breed, you can expect to have your Griff as a partner for 12-15 years. They tend to ...Wirehaired Pointing Griffon SVG, Dog dxf cut file, pet svg for cricut, dxf for laser cnc, template, clipart, Silhouettes dxf, vector dog (415) $ 2.82 ... German Wirehaired Pointer Smiling Dog Puppy Face Canine Pet Portrait Print Paw Cartoon Drawing Art Logo Tattoo Design SVG PNG Cut Cutting (26.7k) Quality breeder of the Ultimate Versatile Hunting Dog - The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon. Answer: Keep your senior Wirehaired Pointing Griffon comfortable by providing them with a soft bed, adjusting their diet to their aging needs, maintaining a manageable exercise routine, and monitoring their health closely with regular vet visits. Discover top care tips for your Wirehaired Pointing Griffon: grooming, diet, exercise, … Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is originated from France but German Wirehaired Pointer is originated from Germany. Wirehaired Pointing Griffon may grow 8 cm / 3 inches shorter than German Wirehaired Pointer. Both Wirehaired Pointing Griffon and German Wirehaired Pointer are having almost same weight. Hunting Dog Breeds Raised: German Wirehaired Pointer, Wirehaired Pointing Griffon. ... Wirehaired Pointing Griffon. Wayfarer's Kennel. 82802 Hwy 93 Ravalli, MT 59863 The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is named such because of its wiry coat, its prowess as a hunting dog, and Griffon is another term for “Russian setter.” Most experts attribute the development of the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon to the breeding of dogs owned by E. K. Korthals, a Dutchman who wanted to create the ideal gun dog. AKC Registered Wirehaired Pointing Griffons out of Rochester, MN. Parents are both strong versatile hunting dogs. Great pointing capabilities, retrieving ...The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon and German Shorthaired Pointer are both medium-sized breeds with distinctive coats. The Griffon has a wiry, weather-resistant coat that can be either solid or roan in color, while the German Shorthaired Pointer has a short, dense coat that is typically liver or liver and white in color. The mission of the American Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Association Rescue, is to rescue purebred Wirehaired Pointing Griffons and place them forever homes where they can thrive. There are on occasion adult Griffons that need a new home. Some dogs come from homes where there is a sudden realization that this is indeed a large breed that needs ... Griffonpoint Registered Kennel supports the continued use of the Wire-Haired Pointing Griffon as a versatile hunting companion. Griffonpoint Kennel has a breeding program which reflects the maxim. "Form Follows Function". Shannon Ford is a CKC accredited Field Test Judge for Pointing breeds, approved for all pointing breeds for each level of ... Beeding quality, HUNTING Wirehaired Pointing Griffons. Puppies due soon. Hun Hill Kennel is one of the oldest and most recognized “HUNTING” Wirehaired Pointing Griffon kennels in the United States. Our dogs are well known for possessing uncommon prey drive. We hunt approximately 150 days a year on wild birds from Montana to Arizona.The average weight of a 4-month-old female Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is 28.9 lbs (13.1 kg). The typical weight range of a 4-month-old female Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is from 26.8 lbs to 31.0 lbs (12.1 kg to 14.1 kg). The average weight of a 4-month-old male Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is 28.9 lbs (13.1 kg).The WPG is a relatively rare breed among sporting dogs. Only 410 were registered with the AKC in 2005 and while this is up about 40 registrations from the previous year, finding a WPG pup is not an easy task. Even with the "population increase" last year, a total of only 88 litters were registered in the entire country in 2005.An excellent gun dog and great companion with a sense of humor, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon can point and retrieve on land or in the water. He can be a bit aloof with strangers, but he’s always outgoing and boisterous with his owner and devoted to his family. He loves agility, search and rescue, and runs. Bright, yellow-brown eyes look ...The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a rare breed in the United States with very few puppies born each year. This dog's origin traces back to a famous Dutch breeder by the name of E. K. Korthals. He created the dog during the 1870's when crossing a German Griffon with a French Pointer.The German Wirehaired Pointer is a mixture of Griffon, Stichelhaar (both mixtures of Pointer, Foxhound, Pudelpointer and Polish water dog), Pudelpointer (a cross of Poodle and Pointer) and German Shorthair. The German Wirehaired Pointer was recognized by the AKC in 1959. Food / Diet Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Rescue Information: The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a rugged, medium sized hunting dog. Wirehaired Pointing Griffons need constant exercise and are best suited for a home with acreage and an athletic master. Wirehaired Pointing Griffons have a keen sense of smell. This breed is excellent with children and other ... Are you considering a career in Germany? With its strong economy and diverse job opportunities, it’s no wonder that many foreigners are flocking to find jobs in Germany. However, e...Get to know Heartfield Wirehaired Pointing Griffons in Pennsylvania. See puppy photos, reviews, health information. Easy to apply. Find the best Wirehaired Pointing Griffon for you.About Achor's Acres Wirehairs. We are a small breeder that breeds for natural hunting instinct with attention to conformation to breed standards. Our dogs are DNA tested for inherited diseases and only clear dogs are bred. Our dogs run in upland field trials and have had significant success with one hall of fame member, 4 grand champions, and ...Wirehaired Pointing Griffons. Puppies coming soon to Oregon in the Willamette Valley.The griffon’s nose and pointing ability are comparable to that of a German wirehair, but their temperament is a bit softer and tends more towards dependency. They are extremely sociable and people-oriented. Physically, the griffon body shape is less defined than the German wirehair – the chest is not as deep or the waist arch as high.Or check out my advice for raising a healthy Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppy or adult dog: ... Information on booster shots for your German Shepherd. Find Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies for sale. Quick-witted, outgoing, and willing to please, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon makes a loving family dog and an outstanding hunting companion best known for their unkempt appearance. I'm a small-scale breeder, allowing me to give each of my pups, dogs, and breedings the proper care & attention ... The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon and German Shorthaired Pointer are both medium-sized breeds with distinctive coats. The Griffon has a wiry, weather-resistant coat that can be either solid or roan in color, while the German Shorthaired Pointer has a short, dense coat that is typically liver or liver and white in color.Prices may vary based on the breeder and individual puppy for sale in Houston, TX. On Good Dog, Wirehaired Pointing Griffon puppies in Houston, TX range in price from $2,350 to $2,600. We recommend speaking directly with your breeder to get a better idea of their price range. …. Read more.Nov 10, 2019 ... ... German wirehaired pointer who we will get this summer. This was after the last Lab didn't work out and I didn't find a local Griffon at a ...Bohemian Wire-haired Pointing Griffon Wall Art, Funny Bathroom Decor, Dog in Toilet, Animal in toilet, Petshop Art, Dog Art Digital Download. (516) $3.50. $7.00 (50% off) Digital Download.Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Shirt / Hoodie / Sweatshirt / Tank Top / Pointing Griffon Gift / Custom Pointing Dog Shirt / Wirehaired Mom Tee. (5.2k) $18.95. $23.69 (20% off) German Wirehaired Pointer Dog Christmas Card (6" x 4") Blank inside - with Envelope. Perfect item for any Dog Lover.The German Wirehaired Pointer is a larger running field dog with a high style of pointing. The Wirehair points with his head up and tail erect. The Wirehair has become popular as a competitor in the AKC field trials, whereas the Griffon is strictly a close working hunting dog for a walking hunter.

Oct 23, 2013 · A medium-sized breed, the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon weights between 50 and 60 pounds. Temperament / Behavior. Ideal for active families, the Wirehaired Pointing needs to get plenty of outdoor exercise. This breed is a great gun dog, up for any hunting challenge in any terrain or condition. . Giant eagle weekly ad pittsburgh

german pointing griffon

Personalized German Wirehaired Pointer or Pointing Griffon engraved leather patch hat. Customizable with any text, kennel name, dog name, hunt club name, etc. For other dog options such as Pointer, English Pointer, Setter, English Setter, Irish Setter, German Shorthaired Pointer (GSP) or Brittany, View our listing here > … The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is named such because of its wiry coat, its prowess as a hunting dog, and Griffon is another term for “Russian setter.” Most experts attribute the development of the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon to the breeding of dogs owned by E. K. Korthals, a Dutchman who wanted to create the ideal gun dog. The AWPGF was formed to promote the health and well-being of the purebred Wirehaired Pointing Griffon through funding, advancing and communicating Wirehaired Pointing Griffon health research; collecting, maintaining and disseminating information about genetic diseases observed in the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon; ensuring and maintaining the …Wirehaired Pointing Griffons. Puppies coming soon to Oregon in the Willamette Valley.Since 2001, Breeders of� Wirehaired Pointing Griffon (WPG) from best proven European-Versatile & Trial Pointing Dog Bloodlines Importations, KBKB tested (Importation) and also German Wirehaired Pointer (GWP) from best NAVHDA, Trial and AKC conformation breed in USA and New Zealand.Nov 10, 2019 ... ... German wirehaired pointer who we will get this summer. This was after the last Lab didn't work out and I didn't find a local Griffon at a ...The griffon’s nose and pointing ability are comparable to that of a German wirehair, but their temperament is a bit softer and tends more towards dependency. They are …We have many areas where we actively hunt pheasants, grouse, ducks, and geese. Best of all, we get to do it with some of the most friendly, hard-working, versatile companions around: our Wirehaired Pointing Griffons! At Stonyridge Kennels our dogs are bred for hunting and family companionship. They are very personable and love family activities ...Hunting hat Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Korthals WPG olive, griffon gift, griffon cap, griffon hat, hunting accessories, hunter's hat (541) Sale Price $31.50 $ 31.50 Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Puppies. Males / Females Available. 7 weeks old. Gregg Anderson. Lufkin, TX 75901. AKC Champion Bloodline. Griffon is a type of dog, a collection of breeds that were originally hunting dogs. There are three lines of the griffon type recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI): the Griffon Vendéens, the wirehaired pointers, and the smousje (Belgian companion dogs or Dutch Smoushond ). The griffon type is characterized by rough ... The mission of the American Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Association Rescue, is to rescue purebred Wirehaired Pointing Griffons and place them forever homes where they can thrive. There are on occasion adult Griffons that need a new home. Some dogs come from homes where there is a sudden realization that this is indeed a large breed that needs ... .

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